introduction: As the population grows older and more obese, hypertension eventually develops in more people during their life span. The prevalence of kidney stone disease is estimated at 1% to 15%, varying in degree according to age, gender, race, and geographic location. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of nephrolithiasis in hypertensive patients.materials and methods: Using simple non probability sampling, a total of 200 patients who referred to Aria and Bahman 22nd Hospitals entered this study. The exclusion criteria were determined as: those subjects that had used carbonic anhydrase or thiazide; those who had a history of surgery on their urinary system; those who had been diagnosed with HTN before affected by nephrolithiasis. The main group was divided into 2 groups: Group 1 who had normal blood pressure (control group) and group 2, hypertensive patients (case group). All the patients were examined using both ultrasound and supine abdominal X ray (KUB) for stone scanning. Then, statistical analyses were conducted using t-test, chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact Test. All the subjects signed a testimonial before the test.results: The comparison of sex and age distribution between the case and the control groups showed no significant differences. Also, the results of Ultra sonograms showed echogenic density of the urinary system prevailing in 4.2% of the patients in the control group and in 25% of those in the hypertensive (case) group (P<0.05). Moreover, KUB revealed significantly lower frequency of stone density in kidneys in the control group (4.2%), as compared to the hypertensive group (21%). As a whole, nephrolithiasis was observed in 4% of the patients in the control group and 21% in those subjects in the hypertensive group. Such a difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001).conclusion: We believe that urinary stone is significantly more frequent in hypertensive subjects than normal subjects.

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. It occurs in 7% of all the pregnancies and accounts for 80% of the cases of pregnancyinduced hypertension. Diagnosis of pre-eclampsia in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, and hypertension is a dilemma. The fractional excretion of urea has been described as a marker for renal perfusion. Since pre-eclampsia is associated with a marked decline in renal perfusion, we explored the utility of the fractional excretion of urea as a marker for pre-eclampsia.Materials and Methods: Urine and serum chemistries were evaluated in 6 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia on their first visit, immediately prior to delivery, and postpartum. For each of these three measurements, the fractional excretion of urea was calculated and proteinuria was assessed by random urine proteincreatinine ratio or 24-hour urine protein studies.Results: In patients diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, the fractional excretion of urea decreased substantially from higher values obtained during the 3rd trimester to values consistent with renal hypoperfusion (<35%) just prior to delivery, and it rapidly normalized immediately after delivery.Conclusions: Alterations in fractional excretion of urea, which suggest a decreased renal perfusion, may be a useful tool in supporting the diagnosis of preeclampsia.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition that is associated with sedentary lifestyle and inappropriate feeding habits. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of combined training with dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme levels, liver fat, and anthropometric indices in patients with NAFLD. Methods: This was an interventional, double-blind randomized clinical trial study with two arms, DASH diet and DASH diet with combined exercise. Patients in both groups received the relevant diet under the supervision of a specialist, and patients in group 2 performed the selected combination exercise according to the schedule. Variables were measured at specific times. Findings: The consumption of DASH diet and combined exercise significantly reduced the mean liver fat, weight and waist to hip index (WHR) in both groups. ALT enzyme showed a significant decrease in exercise group (P < 0. 050). Conclusion: According to the findings, consumption of DASH diet and combined exercise can improve some indicators in patients with fatty liver.